Evolution of weak noise and regular waves on dissipative shock fronts described by the Burgers model

The interaction of weak noise and regular signals with a shock wave having a finite width is studied in the framework of the Burgers equation model. The temporal realization of the random process located behind the front approaches it at supersonic speed. In the process of moving to the front, the intensity of noise decreases and the correlation time increases. In the central region of the shock front, noise reveals non-trivial behaviour. For large acoustic Reynolds numbers the average intensity can increase and reach a maximum value at a definite distance. The behaviour of statistical characteristics is studied using linearized Burgers equation with variable coefficients reducible to an autonomous equation. This model allows one to take into account not only the finite width of the front, but the attenuation and diverse character of initial profiles and spectra as well. Analytical solutions of this equation are derived. Interaction of regular signals of complex shape with the front is studied by numerical methods. Some illustrative examples of ongoing processes are given. Among possible applications, the controlling the spectra of signals, in particular, noise suppression by irradiating it with shocks or sawtooth waves can be mentioned.     

A WKB analysis of the buckling condition for a cylindrical shell of arbitrary thickness subjected to an external pressure

We consider the plane-strain buckling of a cylindrical shellof arbitrary thickness which is made of a Varga material andis subjected to an external hydrostatic pressure on its outersurface. The WKB method is used to solve the eigenvalue problemthat results from the linear bifurcation analysis. We show thatthe circular cross-section buckles into a non-circular shapeat a value of µ₁ which depends on A₁/A₂ and a mode number,where A₁ and A₂ are the undeformed inner and outer radii, andµ₁ is the ratio of the deformed inner radius to A₁. Inthe large mode number limit, we find that the dependence ofµ₁ on A₁/A₂ has a boundary layer structure: it is constantover almost the entire region of 0 < A₁/A₂ < 1 and decreasessharply from this constant value to unity as A₁/A₂ tends tounity. Our asymptotic results for A₁ – 1 = O(1) and A₁– 1 = O(1/n) are shown to agree with the numerical resultsobtained by using the compound matrix method.     

Fully developed mixed convection in horizontal and inclined tubes with uniform heat flux using nanofluid

Fully developed laminar mixed convection of a nanofluid consists of water and Al₂O₃ in horizontal and inclined tubes has been studied numerically. Three-dimensional elliptic governing equations have been solved to investigate the flow behaviors over a wide range of the Grashof and Reynolds numbers. Comparisons with previously published experimental and numerical works on mixed convection in a horizontal and inclined tube are performed and good agreements between the results are observed. Effects of nanoparticles concentration and tube inclinations on the hydrodynamics and thermal parameters are presented and discussed. It is shown that the nanoparticles concentration does not have significant effects on the hydrodynamics parameters. Heat transfer coefficient increases by 15% at 4 Vol.% Al₂O₃. Skin friction coefficient continually increases with the tube inclination, but the heat transfer coefficient reaches a maximum at the inclination angle of 45°.     

A compact shock-assisted free-piston driver for impulse facilities

A free-piston driver that employs entropy-raising shock processes with diaphragm rupture has been constructed, which promises significant theoretical advantages over isentropic compression. Results from a range of conditions with helium and argon driver gases are reported. Significant performance gains were achieved in some test cases. Heat losses are shown to have a strong effect on driver processes. Measurements compare well with predictions from a quasi-one-dimensional numerical code. Received 7 September 1996 / Accepted 5 October 1996     

Two-dimensional numerical calculation of the flow field about a scoop inlet by the piecewise linear method

The piecewise linear method (PLM) based on time operator splitting is used to solve the unsteady compressible Euler equations describing the two-dimensional flow around and through a straight wall inlet placed stationary in a rapidly rotating supersonic flow. The PLM scheme is formulated as a Lagrangian step followed by an Eulerian remap. The inhomogeneous terms in the Euler equations written in cylindrical coordinates are first removed by Sod's method and the resulting set of equations is further reduced to two sets of one-dimensional Lagrangian equations, using time operator splitting. The numerically generated flow fields are presented for different values of the back pressure imposed at the downstream exit of the inlet nozzle. An oblique shock wave is formed in front of the almost whole portion of the inlet entrance, the incoming streamlines being deflected towards the higher pressure side after passing through the oblique shock wave and then bending down to the lower pressure side. A reverse flow appears inside the inlet nozzle owing to the recovery pressure of the incoming streams being lower than the back pressure of the inlet nozzle.     

Letter: Models of Relativistic Particle with Curvature and Torsion Revisited

Models, describing relativistic particles, where Lagrangian densities depend linearly on both the curvature and the torsion of the trajectories, are revisited in D=3 space forms. The moduli spaces of trajectories are completely and explicitly determined using the Lancret program. The moduli subspaces of closed solitons in the three sphere are also determined.     

Numerical simulations of the mitigation of unconfined explosions using water-mist

Mitigating the effects of explosive blasts has been an important concern for a long time. Water-mist presents an attractive option due to its easy availability, extensive use in the fire suppression area, and non-toxicity. However, its ability to mitigate the effects of blasts is unclear. This research uses multiphase numerical simulations to elucidate some of the issues associated with using water-mist to mitigate explosive blasts in unconfined spaces. Initial multidimensional simulations examine the effect of water-mist on the blast wave generated by a TNT explosive. Results show that the droplets are generally swept outward with the shock wave and in general do not penetrate into the secondary fireball. The water-mist does, however, mitigate the shock-front through vaporization and momentum extraction. Further simulations show that momentum extraction has the dominant role in mitigating the leading shock wave. Parametric studies indicate that droplet size and mass loading play a secondary role to the total amount of water between the observer and the explosive blast. This is a promising result for using water-mist for blast-mitigation, because it suggests that water-mist can be as effective as having a more dense “water wall” surrounding the explosive.     

Inverse Piston Problem for the System of One-Dimensional Isentropic Flow

In this paper, the authors consider the inverse piston problem for the system of one-dimensional isentropic flow and obtain that, under suitable conditions, the piston velocity can be uniquely determined by the initial state of the gas on the right side of the piston and the position of the forward shock.     

三维内肋管内插入螺旋扭带的强化传热实验

本文分别以水和乙二醇为工质，在Ｒｅ数范围为：６００～４００００，Ｐｒ数范围为：５．５～１１０之间，对四根分别插入三种不同扭率螺旋扭带的三维内助管内的换热和流阻特性进行了实验研究。结果表明：三维内肋管内加装扭带的强化传热技术适用于低Ｒｅ数下高Ｐｒ数工质的管内对流换热强化。根据实验值得到了流阻和换热关联式。     

Atomistic phenomena in dense fluid shock waves

The shock structure problem is one of the classical problems of fluid mechanics and at least for non-reacting dilute gases it has been considered essentially solved. Here we present a few recent findings, to show that this is not the case. There are still new physical effects to be discovered provided that the numerical technique is general enough to not rule them out a priori. While the results have been obtained for dense fluids, some of the effects might also be observable for shocks in dilute gases.